There are 2 kinds of verbs found in Tutelo, in Oliverio they are called ‘active’ and ‘stative’. Active verbs tend to describe actions, and stative verbs tend to describe states, but this isn’t always so. These verbs also use different pronouns. Below I’ll describe active verbs.
These pronouns are part of the verb, and may attach to the beginning or middle of the verb. ‘Wañg-‘ or ‘wañ-‘ tends to only attach to the beginning of the verb.
I — wa-
You (one person) — ya-
He, she, it — nothing
We — wañg- or wañ-
Remember, ‘w’ has a tendency to change to ‘m’ near a nasal vowel, and ‘g’ is deleted before everything except h, l, w, and y, and sometimes deleted otherwise. Also ‘g’ can change to ‘x’ or ‘h’ before another consonant, except before ‘p’. ‘E’ at the end of a verb becomes ‘a’ when nothing is added to it, and becomes ‘e’ when ‘wa’ is added.
Examples
To drink — lagbée or olagbée
I will drink — walagbeeda or ówalagbeeda /wa-lagbée-dE/
You will drink — yalagbeeda or oyálagbeeda /ya-lagbée-dE/
He will drink — lagbéeda or olagbéeda /lagbée-dE/
We will drink — mañlagbeeda or máñolagbéeda /wañg-lagbée-dE/
To think, remember — hgoñsbée
I think, I remember it — wahgoñsbeewa /wa-hgoñbée-wa/
You think, you remember it — yahgoñsbeewa /ya-hgoñsbée-wa/
He thinks, he remembers it — goñsbéewa /hgoñsbée-wa/
We think, we remember it — mañxgoñsbeewa /wañg-hgoñsbée-wa/
To run — hinda or hindaahE
I run — hiwandaaha /hi-wa-ndaahE/
You run — hiyandaaha /hi-ya-ndaahE/
He runs — hindaaha /hindaahE/
We run — mañghindaaha /wañg-hindaahE/
To sleep — hiiyañdgaabee or hiiyañda
I sleep, I’m sleeping, I’m going to bed — wahiiyañdgaabeewa /wa-hiiyañdgaabee-wa/
You sleep, you’re sleeping, you’re going to bed — yahiiyañdgaabeewa /ya-hiiyañdgaabee-wa/
He sleeps, he’s sleeping, he’s going to bed — hiiyañdgaabeewa /hiiyañdgaabee-wa/
We sleep, we’re sleeping, we’re going to bed — wañgniiyañdgaabeewa /wañg-hiiyañdgaabee-wa/
To use — i’óoñ
I use, I’m using it — iwa’óoñwa or ima’óoñwa /i-wa-‘óoñ-wa/ Note ‘wa’ at the end doesn’t change to ‘ma’
You use, you are using it — iya’ooñwa /i-ya-‘óoñ-wa/
He uses, he is using it — i’ooñwa /i’óoñ-wa/
We use, we are using it — wañi’ooñwa /wañ-i’óoñ-wa/
To laugh — iñgséehE or gséehE or lagséehE
I laugh — iñwagseeha /iñ-wa-gséehE/
You laugh — iñyagseeha /iñ-ya-gséehE/
He laughs — iñgséeha /iñgséehE/
We laugh — mañiñgseeha or wañiñgseeha /wañ-iñgséehE/
To sweep — gaxléepi
I sweep — wagaxleep /wa-gaxléepi/
You sweep — yagaxleep /ya-gaxléepi/
He sweeps — gaxléep /gaxléepi/
We sweep — mañgaxleep /wañ-gaxléepi/
To remember — gihgoñsbée
I remember it — wagihgoñsbeewa /wa-gihgoñsbée-wa/
You remember it — yagihgoñsbeewa /ya-gihgoñsbée-wa/
He remembers it — gihgoñsbeewa /gihgoñsbée-wa/
We remember it — mañgihgoñsbeewa or mañxgihgoñsbeewa /wañg-gihgoñsbée-wa/
Go/come back or to go/come home — gilEE
I’m going home — wagleewa /wa-gilEE-wa/
You’re going home — yagleewa /ya-gilEE-wa/
Hes going home — gileewa /gilEE-wa/
We’re going home — máñgleewa or máñxgleewa /wañ-gilEE-wa/
Kill, shot, beat — gidée
I kill him, I killed him — wagdeewa /wa-gidée-wa/
You kill him, you killed him — yagdeewa /ya-gidée-wa/
He kills him, he killed him — gideewa /gidée-wa/
We kill him, we killed him — máñgdeewa or máñxdeewa or mañgideewa
Kick, stamp, push, thrust — ohiñhné
I kick, stamp, push, or thrust — ówahiñhnéwa /ó-wa-hiñhné-wa/
You kick, stamp, push, or thrust — óyahiñhnéwa /ó-ya-hiñhné-wa/
He kicks, stamps, pushes, or thrusts — óhiñhnéwa /ohiñhné-wa/
We kick, stamp, push, or thrust — wáñohiñhnéwa /wáñ-ohiñhné-wa/
Push, thrust — hiñhné
I push, I thrust — wahiñhne /wa-hiñhné/
You push, you thrust — yahiñhne /ya-hiñhné/
He pushes, he thrusts — hiñhné /hiñhné/
We push, we thrust — wáñxhiñhne /wáñg-hiñhné/
To speak, tell, call — ogláagE or giláagE
I speak, tell, call — owagláaga or owaglaaxa /o-wa-gláagE/
You speak, tell, call — oyaglaaga or oyaglaaxa /o-ya-gláagE/
He speaks, tells, calls — ogláaga or oglaaxa /ogláagE/
We speak, tell, call — mañoglaaga or mañoglaaxa /wañ-ogláagE/