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Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #167.
*Apeeti, fireMany similar forms; the first syllable *A- survives in Ofo and Catawba. For the next syllable most agree on /Pee-/ or /P’ee-/ (/Phee-/), and for the last Ofo and Biloxi /-tii/ look to be more conservative than the rest, hence *Apeetii, fire.
1 WOCCON /Yaw/
2 CATAWBA /Impe/
3 YESAN /Phech/
4 OFO /Apheetii/
5 BILOXI /Peetii/
6 QUAPAW /Peete/
7 OMAHA /Peedee/
8 KAW /Peejee/
9 OSAGE /Peedsee/
10 HOCHAK /Peech/
11 CHIWERE /Pheeje/
12 MANDAN /Wara’/
13 DAKOTA /Pheeta/
14 NAKODA /Peeda/
15 HIDATSA /Miidaha/
16 CROW /Biila/Rankin’s reconstruction is *Hpete or *Wahpete “fire” from all the same ones, #2-11, 13-14.
William Meuse
Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #168.
*Nanchotsi, ash, ashes.First syllable survives as /Niin-/, /Nii-/ (2x), /Ma-/, /A-/, /Un-/, /Ha-/, /E-/, indicating *Nan-.
Second syllable appears as /-xo-/ (4x), /-chu-/, /-xu-/, /xii/, and by metasthesis, /Chaho/, /Tchanxo/, indicating *-cho-, *Nancho-.
Last syllable is seen in /-fii/, /-sii/, /-tee/, /-dee/, /-jee/, /-dsee/, /-niin/, /-je/, /-ta/, /-da/, all likely to be from *-tsii, hence *Nanchotsii.1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA /Yeche/
3 YESAN /Alapok/ < ?
4 OFO /Echufii/
5 BILOXI /Hayusii/
6 QUAPAW /Niinxotee/
7 OMAHA /Maxudee/
8 KAW /Niixojee/
9 OSAGE /Nii xodsee/
10 HOCHAK /Unxiiniin/
11 CHIWERE /Axoje/
12 MANDAN ?
13 DAKOTA /Tchanxota/
14 NAKODA /Chahoda/
15 HIDATSA /Miidatsapii/ =dust
16 CROW ?Rankin gives no complete PS reconstruction, but connects #2, 4, 5 with Proto-Biloxi-Ofo *Ayusi “ashes”, and separately, #13 from *Tchaxota with 6-9, 11 incorporating *Xote “grey” .
William Meuse
Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #169.
*Andaxuthinga, to burn.For some reason the list puts this one verb separate from the others, and ideally it should be the intransitive verb (to burn like a fire burns) and not the transitive verb (to burn something) — which is usually a slightly different verb in most languages other than English.
All of the below words seem to be from *Andaxuthinga except for Catawba /Wren/
/Atef/, /Ade/ in the east are related to /Adaxa/ /Alaxii/ in the north and /Iinee/, /Iide/, /Iindee/ in between, all from the form *Andaxe./Teshiihii/, /Daxuro’sh/, /Daqohii/, /Taxu hii/, /Daxliin/, /Daxthiin/, all seem to be from *Daxuthii. Crow /Kahuriik/ also seems influenced by this.
The *-dax- part is found in both *Andaxe and *Daxuthii so if we need evidence of a combined form like *Andaxuthii we find it in Yesan /Inausinga/, the last part /-inga/ also may be reflected in Nakoda /Xuxnaya/ so my hypothetical reconstruction is *Andaxuthinga. I have revised this several times while working on it this morning, a year ago my reconstruction (when I was doing them all rapidly to complete the list) was *Adachuree.
1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA /Wren/
3 YESAN /Iinausinga/
4 OFO /Atef/, /Teshiihii/
5 BILOXI /Ade/
6 QUAPAW ?
7 OMAHA /Iinee/
8 KAW /Daxliin/
9 OSAGE /Daxtiin/
10 HOCHAK /Taxu hii/
11 CHIWERE /Daqohii/
12 MANDAN /Daxuro’sh/
13 DAKOTA /Iidee/
14 NAKODA /Iindee/, /Xuxnaxya
15 HIDATSA /Adaxa/
16 CROW /Alaxii/, /Kahuriik/Rankin has several reconstructions for “to burn” including *Are from #5, 7, 13, 14a; *Ran “to burn, prairie fire” from #2, 3; *Xure from #10, 11, 12; and *Wira which also mentions #2.
William Meuse
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