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Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #73
*Nanxutswa, ear.This had previously appeared on my tentative list as *Nanxuxitsa, but now having written it all out and put under my microscope, I am revising the ending slightly to make it *Nanxutswa.
There is an obvious relationship between “ear” and “to hear” (word #102, *Nanx’un)
1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA /Tukshu/
3 YESAN /Nahoq/ <*Naxux <*Nanxux <*Nanxuxwa <*Nanxutswa
4 OFO /Nashutsii/ <*Naxutsii <*Nanxutsii <*Nanxutswii <*Nanxutswa
5 BILOXI /Niixuxwii/ <*Nanxuxwii <*Nanxutswii ^
6 QUAPAW /Nanta/ <*Nantsa <*Nantswa <*Nanxutswa
7 OMAHA /Niita/ <*Nanta ^
/Nawnqdee/ <*Nanxutsii ^
8 KAW /Niighujee/, <*Niixutsii <*Nanxutsii ^
/Nanta/ ^
9 OSAGE /Nonta/ <*Nanta ^
10 HOCHAK /Nanchew/ <*Nantswa ^
11 CHIWERE /Nandwa/ <*Nantswa ^
12 MANDAN /Nankox/ <*Nankux <*Nankuxa <*Nanxuxa <*Nanxuxwa ^
13 DAKOTA /Nakpa/ <*Naxwa <*Nanxuwa <*Nanxuxwa ^
/Nunge/ <*Nuxwa <*Nanuxwa <*Nanxuxwa ^
14 NAKODA /Nuge/ <*Nunge ^
15 HIDATSA /Akuxii/ <*Akuxa <*Nakuxa <*Nankuxa ^
16 CROW /Ahkuxa/ <*Akuxa ^Rankin derived two proto-Siouan words for “ear” from these: *Rantpa from #6, 7a, 8b, 9, 10, 11, and 13a, and *Ranxu from #3, 4, 5, 7b, 8a, 12, 15, and 16. He also includes 7b and 8a again with 13b and 14 as from PMV *Nunghe, which he connects with the Catawba word.
Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #74
*Shtasu, eyeThe forms below would be from *Iinshtasu, which is really a back-formation from *Miinshtasu (my eye) and *Diinshtasu (your eye), hence the true original was in my opinion, simply *Shtasu.
Rankin reflects the proto-Siouan word as *Iishta, which is also identical to the word in six languages and near-identical to several others.
1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA /Intu’/
3 YESAN /Tasu/
4 OFO /Antohii/
5 BILOXI /Tuchun/
6 QUAPAW /Iinshta/
7 OMAHA /Iishta/
8 KAW /Iishta/
9 OSAGE /Iinshta/
10 HOCHAK /Hishjesu/
11 CHIWERE /Iishda/
12 MANDAN /Iistanmiin/
13 DAKOTA /Iishta/
14 NAKODA /Iishta/
15 HIDATSA /Iishta/
16 CROW /Iishta/Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #75
*Apentsun’, noseAs noted at word #72 *Pahntsu, “head”, the word /Pa/ means both “head” and “nose” in Hochak, Omaha and Kaw.
1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA /Pinsu’/ <*Apinsu’ <*Apintsu’ <*Apintsun’ <*Apentsun’
3 YESAN /Paqte/ <*Apaqte <*Apantse <*Apantsu <*Apentsun’
4 OFO /Apintchu/ <*Apinchun <*Apintsun <*Apintsun’ ^
5 BILOXI /Piichun/ <*Apiichun <*Apinchun ^
6 QUAPAW /Pa/ <*Apa <*Apasu <*Apantsu ^
7 OMAHA /Pa/ ^
8 KAW /Pa/ ^
9 OSAGE /
10 HOCHAK /Pa/ ^, /Punshje/ <*Puntse <*Apuntse <*Apantse ^
11 CHIWERE /Page/, /Punxa/ <*Punshe <*Puntse ^
12 MANDAN /Paxu/ <*Pasu <*Apasu ^
13 DAKOTA /Phasu/ <*Pasu ^
14 NAKODA /Pasu/ ^
15 HIDATSA /Apa/ ^
16 CROW /Apa/ ^Rankin got two Proto-Siouan terms for “nose”:
1) *Ahpa – “head, nose, front end”, already mentioned under “head”, from #3, 6-9, 10a, 15-16;
2) *Hpasu – “nose, end, point, tip” – from #12, 13
He also connects #2, 4, 5, 10b, and 11b with Proto-Hocak-Chiwere *Phun, but does not attempt to reconstruct this root any earlierProto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #76
*Iha, mouthFairly straightforward, all the words are the same or similar, apart from Catawba: /Ii/ in 7 languages, /Iih/ in Mandan and Yesan (Yesan /Iihii/ with the article), /Iihii/ in Ofo & Biloxi, /Iiha/ in Dheghigan group.
(Reminder – Uppercase i and lowercase L may look the same on here, but these are uppercase i’s, there is no L in this word…)
The original could have been *Iha (*/Iiha/) or *Ihi (*/Iihii/), or as Rankin has it, *’ihe (note he specifies a glottal stop beginning)
1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA /Sumu/
3 YESAN /Iih/
4 OFO /Iihii/
5 BILOXI / Iihii/
6 QUAPAW /Iiha/
7 OMAHA /Ii/
8 KAW /Iiha/
9 OSAGE /Iiha/
10 HOCHAK /Ii/
11 CHIWERE /Ii/
12 MANDAN /Iih/
13 DAKOTA /Ii/
14 NAKODA /Ii/
15 HIDATSA /Ii/
16 CROW /Ii/William Meuse
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