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Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #88
*Tanska, backI am less certain about this reconstruction. #6-12 point to a form like *Nanke, but outside this group there is also /Chankahu/ to the north and /Iitatska/, /Das/ to the east; all of these forms suggest a dental beginning in place of N- and the last two suggest an S sound, hence I settled on *Tanska for “back” (Note that I got a similar result for “heart”, *Dantska, word #90)
Rankin’s reconstruction of ‘Back’ is *Iranhe. He may be right in suggesting that #13-16 also incorporated “bone” (*Iranhe-hure in his reconstruction, *Tanska-wahuri in mine)
1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA /Iiriituk/
3 YESAN ?
4 OFO /Iitatska/
5 BILOXI /Das/, /Taniinhiin/
6 QUAPAW /Nanka/, /Ziinanba/
7 OMAHA /Nawnka/, /Abaku/
8 KAW /Nanka/
9 OSAGE /Nonka/
10 HOCHAK /Nanke/
11 CHIWERE /Nanke/
12 MANDAN /Nanhee/
13 DAKOTA /Tchanqahu/, /Tchuwii/
14 NAKODA /Chankahu/
15 HIDATSA /Rurii/, /Iishiita/
16 CROW /Dule/William Meuse
Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #89
*Amankii, chest, breastJust as there is overlap between the two English words, Chest and breast, I found two words for most languages. ‘Chest’ can refer to male or female, and breast can mean the same as chest, or refer specifically to a female breast.
The one set of words at least seems to be from *Amankii, “chest / breast”. The other seems to be from something like *Wazhee, “female breast.”
Rankin similarly assigns the one set of words to his PS *Awanke or *Iwanke, “Chest, breast”, and the other set to PS *Asi, “female breast”.
1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA /Has/
3 YESAN /
4 OFO /Amonkii/
5 BILOXI /Tasiiya’n/, /Mek/
6 QUAPAW /Manzee/, /Mank/
7 OMAHA /Mazee/, /Mangee/
8 KAW /Bazee/, /Mangee/
9 OSAGE /Badhee/, /Mongee/
10 HOCHAK /Was/, /Mank/
11 CHIWERE /Bathe/, /Mangee/
12 MANDAN /Wanshka/, /Eek/
13 DAKOTA /Azee/, /Maqu/
14 NAKODA /Azee/, /Manku/
15 HIDATSA /Atsii/, /Iimakii/
16 CROW /Achii/William Meuse
Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #90
*Dantska, heartAll of the forms for “heart” other than Catawba are clearly related and I have traced them to *Dantska below (cf. the previous word #88, *Tanska, “back”)
Rankin’s reconstruction from the same words is Proto-Siouan *Iyante, *Irante, “heart”.
1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA /Men/
3 YESAN /Yantii/ <*Chantii <*Chantee <*Dantsee <*Dantska
4 OFO /Iichantii/ <*Chantii ^
5 BILOXI / Yandii/ <*Yantii ^
6 QUAPAW /Nante/ <*Nantsee <*Dantsee ^
7 OMAHA /Nawndee/ <*Nantsee ^
8 KAW /Nanjee/ <*Nantsee ^
9 OSAGE /Nondsee/, /Thondsee/
10 HOCHAK /Nanchge/ <*Nantska <*Dantska
11 CHIWERE /Nahje/ <*Nanchge ^
12 MANDAN /Nantka/ <*Nantska ^
13 DAKOTA /Tchantee/ <*Chantee ^
14 NAKODA /Chandee/ <*Chantee ^
15 HIDATSA /Da’ta/ <*Datsa <*Dantsa <*Dantska
16 CROW /Dasa/ <*Datsa ^William Meuse
Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #91
*Tapiden, liverAll of the forms below seem to be cognate, and I derived them from *Tapiiden as shown.
Rankin’s result from the same words was his Proto-Siouan *Ahpi, “liver”, and even further to his Proto-Siouan-Catawban *Pi, “liver”.
1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA /Hipyen/ <*Hipiiyen <*Tapiiyen <*Tapiiden
3 YESAN /Tapii/ <*Tapiiyen ^
4 OFO /Chasu/
5 BILOXI /Pii/, /Piiyan/ <*Tapiiyen ^
6 QUAPAW /Pii/ <*Tseepii <*Teepii <*Tapiiyen ^
7 OMAHA /Pii/ ^
8 KAW /Pii/ ^
9 OSAGE /Tseepii/ ^
10 HOCHAK /Pii/ <*Wapii <*Apiide <*Tapiide <*Tapiiden
11 CHIWERE /Wapii/ ^
12 MANDAN /Pii’re/ <*Piide <*Apiide ^
13 DAKOTA /Phii/ <*Pii ^
14 NAKODA /Pii/ ^
15 HIDATSA /Apiisa/ <*Apiitse <*Apiide ^
16 CROW /Aptee/ <*Apiitse ^William Meuse
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