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http://gcclearn.gcc.cc.va.us/sitehistory/sptable.htm
. . . Spotswood 1712 and 1713 Spotswood leads an expedition against the Tuscarora Indians in North Carolina; he enacts the Tobacco Act of 1713; he has a rival in William Byrd II of Westover. Spotswood in 1714 The arrival of the First Germanna Colony; founding of Fort Germanna; gold and silver mining around Germanna; Fort Christanna; trade with the Indians; George I ascends the throne.
Spotswood in 1715 cration of The Virginia Indian Company; the loss of the 1715 Spanish Silver Fleet off the coast of Southern Florida sets a frenzy of looting and piracy in motion. Spotswood in 1716 Spotswood begins to acquire land around Germanna; he moves into the Governor’s Palace; . . .
http://cova-inc.org/reviews/archaeology_of_18th.htm
http://www.martayanlan.com/cgi-bin/display.cgi/Maps/3/1036
the map appears to focus strongly on the work of Governor Spotswood, as another of his projects, Christanna Fort, is on the map as well. Spotswood established Christanna Fort in 1714 as a means to protect tributary Indians from attacks by those who were hostile, such as the Tuscarora, and to facilitate trade between border Indians and the colonists. Christanna would become headquarters of the Virginia Indian Company, a joint stock company established by the Virginia Assembly in 1714 with Spotswood as president to regulate and conduct the trade between the Indians and the Virginians.
http://www.earthwatch.org/expeditions/stevenson_chris.html
http://www.bu.edu/archaeology/faculty/beaudrypub2.htm
http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~george/johnsgermnotes/germhs79.html
http://cfp.english.upenn.edu/archive/1997-03/0089.html
http://www.vagenweb.org/hening/vol04-03.htm
http://www.lexisnexis.com/academic/guides/southern_hist/plantations/plantm2.asp
great link wiht a few names of individual Indians I’ve never seen before.
http://chesterfield.k12.va.us/~bbarker/FortC/4histor.html
History of Fort Christianna
http://cal.jmu.edu/sherwork/Writings/history/1715.htm
http://www.germanna.net/1x.htm
17 May 1716. Mr. Offley, who had been invited, gave the Commissioners his views and his friend’s views on the merits of the Act relating to Indian trade whereby all such trade was in the hands of 17 or 18 traders selected by the Governor. [The Governor was also an investor in the Indian trading company which had a monopoly.] A week later, Mr. Robert Carey (agent for the Virginia Indian Company) submitted opposite views.
http://www.angelfire.com/wv2/dillon1944/native_american_timeline.htm
http://genforum.genealogy.com/tn/hancock/messages/428.html
vance
http://gcclearn.gcc.cc.va.us/SITEHISTORY/sp171213.htm
(first link in the above post) —
(Age 36) Responding to a call for help from the North Carolina colony to the south, including Baron von Graffenreid’s settlers at New Bern on the Neuse River, Spotswood repels an attack of the Tuscarora Indians by organizing an expedition of overwhelming strength. This show of strength forces many tribes, especially the SAPONI INDIANS, to join the government’s side in a treaty of friendship. This treaty will later serve against the Indian tribes organized by the French (who are colonizing up and down the Mississippi River).
. . .
Sometime in this year Spotswood learns from his friend Robert Beverly (ca. 1673-1722), who holds the land patent to a 15,000-acre mining tract at a site that will be soon known as Germanna, that there are surface deposits of silver, gold and iron some twenty miles west of Fredericksburg. Beverly is a lifelong friend of Spotswood’s who transfers 1,920 acres of his mining tract to him in 1716, the years he begins to acquire land in Virginia. Beverly accompanies Spotswood on his “Knights of the Golden Horseshoe” in 1716 and, as host and companion, is frequently named in John Fontaine’s diary of 1715-16.
Beverly main claim to fame, however, is as the first self-consciously “American” historian. His book Ithe History and Present State of Virginia, issued in London in 1705, contains this sentence in its introduction: “I am an Indian and don’t to be exact in my language” (Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia 1987 ed.).
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Interesting — Mr. Beverly claims to be an Indian and i have seen that surname as a Saponi surname. It also says he owned the land soon to be the site of the Germanna Colony. Heis a friend of Spotswood.
Interesting things —
i.] Spotswood is said to have led a campaign against the Tuscarora. One of the first families massacred in the Tuscarora War was a family of a Mr. Nevil.
ii. Baron von Graffenreid is recorded elsewhere as having been a friend of the Tuscarora, and that is why when he was taken prisoner by them, he was not killed like others, but was eventually freed. He is also said to have been the man who organized the Germanna Colony, found the miners, and arrainged for them to come to America at the request of Spotswood.
iii.] The Germanna Colony and Fort Christianna were both initially organized within months of each other.
iv.] On a personal note, I have an ancestor named “Nevil Wayland” (1754-1806) and the Weiland/Wayland surname was a well known original surname of the original Germanna settlers. They are first mentioned in America about 1719 I think it was, but what I read said they were not sure when they first arrived here.
v.] Baron Von Graffenreid and Gov. Spotswood bring together the Tuscarora War, Ft. Christianna, and the Germanna Settlement.
I don’t know what this means, but it is interesting . . .
Vance
It mentions the English sometimes raided the Spanish silver ships. I have read a lot about legends of supposed “silver mines” in Kentucky. I wonder if privateers plundering the Spanish and taking it inland is the origin of this tale?
Just wild speculation . . .
Spotswood started an organization he called “Knight’s of the Golden Horseshoe”. This reminds me of “The knights of the Golden Circle”, an organization of the Confederate Cherokees. I wonder if the later knew of the former? Prob’ly not, both were prob’ly “good ol boy’s” clubs . . . I think the Confederate Cherokees were somehow affiliated with the Masons. I wonder if Spotswood was a Mason?
Vance asks >>>>> I think the Confederate Cherokees were somehow affiliated with the Masons. I wonder if Spotswood was a Mason?>>>>>
He was associated with the Priory of Sion….. preMason….. and I would not be surprised to find many mason connections and influences in the settling of the frontier and dealings with ndns.
1) There is a mulatto named Barsheba Beverly that is listed next to Moses Riddle and William Riddle on the 1767 List of Tithables for Pittsylvania County, VA. (don’t forget there is another Riddle on there as well…)
2) George Ridley (of Louisa Co, Amelia Co, Pittsylvania Co, VA and Hawkins Co, TN) had a son he named Bevly (Beverly?), who was born in 1762 in Hawkins County, TN.
I wonder if there is a Riddle/Beverly connection?
I have another post I started on this subject that has much more detail.
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