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Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #92
*Datkan, to drinkWe now move on to the first in a long series of verbs on the list. (Finding consistent verbs in dictionaries can be challenging for native languages because they can appear in different forms or tenses.)
The verbs for “to drink” in each language are not all cognate. Biloxi, Mandan and Hidatsa seem to be cognate, and Ofo and Crow also may be related to each other. The most common form in #6-11, 13-14 seems to be from *Datkan, these are all Miss. Valley though Tutelo or Catawba may possibly be distantly related.
1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA /Kiirugiihe’n/
3 YESAN /Olakpe/
4 OFO /Ashopii/
5 BILOXI /Hiinii/
6 QUAPAW /Datan/
7 OMAHA /Thathawn/
8 KAW /Yatan/
9 OSAGE /Wathaton/
10 HOCHAK /Rechgen/
11 CHIWERE /Ratan/
12 MANDAN /Hiin/
13 DAKOTA /Yatkan/
14 NAKODA /Yatkan/
15 HIDATSA /Hii/
16 CROW /Iishbii/Rankin has the reconstruction *Hiin, to drink or inhale smoke; he has also downgraded his *Ratkan “to drink” from Proto-Siouan to Proto-Miss Valley only.
William Meuse
Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #93
*Warutsee, to eatAll the forms are cognate, even Woccon is available for this verb and related to the others, all seem to be ultimately from *Warutsee as shown below.
1 WOCCON /Eerawte/ <*Werutse <*Warutsee
2 CATAWBA /Unde/ <*Utsee <*Warutsee
3 YESAN /Walut/ <*Warutii <*Warutsee
4 OFO /Atutii/ <*Wadutii <*Warutii ^
5 BILOXI /Dutii/ <*Wadutii ^
6 QUAPAW /Dathee/ <*Datsee <*Dutsee <*Rutsee <*Warutsee
7 OMAHA /Thathee/ <*Datsee ^
8 KAW /Iyatchee/ <*Datsee ^
9 OSAGE /Thatsee/ <*Datsee ^
10 HOCHAK /Weruch/ <*Waruche <*Warutsee
11 CHIWERE /Waruje/ <*Waruche ^
12 MANDAN /Rut/ <*Rutsee ^
13 DAKOTA /Wota <*Wotse <*Warotsee <*Warutsee
14 NAKODA /Woda/ <*Wota ^
15 HIDATSA /Dutii/ <*Dutsii <*Dutsee ^
16 CROW /Dushii/ <*Dutsii ^Cf Rankin’s reconstruction of this verb as Proto-Siouan *Rute, “to eat”.
William Meuse
Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #94 *Dashtagee, to bite.
All forms for “to bite” except for perhaps the Catawban, are related, and I traced them from *Dashtagee.
Rankin made no attempt to reconstruct a verb for “to bite”, but he does mention words #6, 8-11, and 13 in connection with his Proto-Siouan *Xtake “to strike”.
1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA /Chukere/
3 YESAN /Olashke/ <*Dashke <*Dashtagee
4 OFO /Tafe/ <*Dase <*Dashe <*Dashke ^
5 BILOXI / Dase/ ^
6 QUAPAW /Daqta/ <*Daxtagee <*Dashtagee
7 OMAHA /Thaqtee/ <*Daxtagee ^
8 KAW /Yaxtagee/ <*Daxtagee ^
9 OSAGE /Thaxtagee/ <*Daxtagee ^
10 HOCHAK /Nanqzhak/ <*Daxshake <*Daxtagee ^
11 CHIWERE /Raxdage/ <*Daxtagee ^
12 MANDAN /Raskato’sh/ <*Daskatee <*Daxtagee ^
13 DAKOTA /Yaxtaka/ <*Yaxtaga <*Daxtagee ^
14 NAKODA /Yaxtaga/ ^
15 HIDATSA /Adudatsa/ <*Datsa <*Dashta <*Dashteya <*Dashtagee
16 CROW /Dashiiya/ <*Dashteya ^William Meuse
Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #95
*Udaskopee, to suck.Below are the words I could find for this verb. I took the *U- from Biloxi and Ofo only. Note Osage and Hochak use “drink / smoke” instead.
1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA ?
3 YESAN ?
4 OFO /Utashpii/
5 BILOXI /Uchichpii/
6 QUAPAW ?
7 OMAHA /Thahu/
8 KAW /Yadan/
9 OSAGE /Iin/
10 HOCHAK /Hiin/
11 CHIWERE /Rahoje/, /Ragowe/
12 MANDAN /Osopo’sh/
13 DAKOTA /Yagopa/
14 NAKODA /Yazoga/
15 HIDATSA /Datsukii/
16 CROW /Dashku/, /Daxuchii/Rankin divided these words for “suck” into three separate roots: 1) *Xhoke, from which Crow /Daxuchii/; 2) *Raxope, from which #4, 7, 11b, & 13; and 3) he connects Biloxi and Mandan in a third undefined root, amazingly he does not connect Biloxi with Ofo but instead with the Mandan here.
William Meuse
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