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I am posting as a novice on the subject of NDN migration…however, I must post my thoughts (gut feelings, really). Virginia, the state, which wasn’t a state way back when, was landing point for Europeans. How many tribes lived in Virginia, say 1500’s? Any how many 1600’s and there after? Those that did not die from disease, moved west, joined other tribes (for safety) or stayed and made relations with the colonists.
The Saponi, Tutelo, etal. could have went in all different directions, depending on there affiliations (did they make friends with another tribe or European settlers). This I believe was a very tumultuous time and tribes could have split and went many different directions.
My family in particular reverted to the appalachians, where they still reside today. My family does not deny their NDN identity, but I believe feel more at home in the mountains…can’t blame them a bit…me too…:)
Shirley
Some second thoughts here…I don’t believe all theories that are born of the people of this site have to be proven in historical documents to be discussed here. I believe the point is for each individual to find any possible explaination based on their families locations and known places where nations of Indians that today carry the Blackfoot ID and their families connected. At times and places connections to names are made. I’m no expert on any of this, and can’t site everything I’ve been reading. But there seem to be many groups of Indian peoples who did move onward in groups and before 1876. I understood what people here are about is trying to tie names of individuals in these groups referenced in any and all writings as being of certain nations. For those inclined to only serious proven geneology their goal is established. I think everyone here knows the difference between theory and proof but you often won’t find your proof until you’ve explored your theory. Yes, the paths we trace were followed by others too. That doesn’t exclude that we will find who and what we are looking for along those paths. We are not just looking for what names were on reservations of the late 19th century. We’re looking for the connection point of the mixed blood. Since I’m still looking I’m going to keep the areas near or on the pathway to Blackfoot Town as a possible point of connection.
Below is an excerpt and referenced footnotes showing the Tutelo, Delaware, and Nanticoke together at Shamokin PA.. This itermingling could be the time and place that surnames and tribal identities blended, where a Nanicoke and Tutelo could produce an offspring with a Nanicoke name and Tutelo heritage. It is possible these people could return to the areas they were forced to move from earlier. I know a Winnebago family that returned to the Wisconsin Dells area to live from Winnebago, NE and there is the legendary Ponca Chief Standing Bear’s family who returned to NE from OK. I guess I’m saying, finding a surname the same as one in one’s family with a Blackfoot story living near present day Dagsboro might be worth checking out.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_Bear_v._Crook#Standing_Bear_v._Crook
JAY HANSFORD C. VEST
A Tutelo Inquiry: The Ethnohistory of Chief Samuel Johns’s Correspondence with Dr. Frank G. Speck
American Indian Culture and Research Journal 30 no2 63-84 2006
For the most part, the bitter enmity existing between the Tutelo and the Iroquois was extinguished by virtue of the 1722 Treaty of Albany. During the somewhat indeterminate decade that followed the treaty the Tutelos(FN31) placed themselves under the protection of the Six Nations or Hodenosaunee and moved northward across Virginia to Shamokin, present-day Sunbury, Pennsylvania, at the forks of the Susquehanna River.(FN32) At Shamokin, the Tutelo together with several Algonquian tribes including the Delaware, Munsee-Mahican, Nanticoke, Conoy, and later the Shawnee were collectively brought under the governance of an Oneida Chieftain, Shikellamy, who served as viceroy for the Iroquois-conquered lands and peoples in the Susquehanna region.(FN33) By September 1753, during the great Council of the Six Nations held at Onondaga, the Cayugas resolved to “‘strengthening their castle’ by taking in the Tedarighroones.”(FN34)
31. Mooney, Siouan Tribes, 50. Mooney cites a casual French reference that puts the Saponi and the Tutelo in the south in 1736. He concludes that the removal of the Nahyssans northward cannot have been before 1740. Claude E. Schaeffer, “Introduction: The Tutelo Indians in Pennsylvania History,” in Frank G. Speck, The Tutelo Spirit Adoption Ceremony: Reclothing the Living in the Name of the Dead (Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical Commission, 1942), xi, reports that the “. . . Tutelo-Saponi migration into Pennsylvania apparently did not take place until around 1740.” That they were still located in the south in 1733 is indicated by the fact that the Conoys took Tutelo scalps in that year (PA. Col. Rec, III, 511). A subsequent French reference shows their presence there as late as 1736 (Mooney, Siouan Tribes, 50). The Monacan in Rockbridge and Amherst Counties, Virginia, the Occaneechis near Hillsboro, North Carolina, and the Halawa Saponi also in North Carolina represent the removal from Virginia and North Carolina today.
32. Hale, “Tutelo Tribe,” 5-7.
33. James H. Merrill, “Shickellamy, ‘A Person of Consequence,'” in Northeastern Indian Lives, 1632-1816, ed. Robert S. Grunmet (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1996), 227-87. Merrill offers a discussion of Shikellamy and the Hodenosaunee regency located at Shamokin for governing the Susquehanna region. For further discussion of this important leader, see Hanna, Wilderness Trail, vols. 1 and 2; and Paul A. W. Wallace, Conrad Weiser (1945; repr. Lewisburg, PA: Wennawoods Publishers, 1996).
34. O’Callaghan, NYHC 6, no. 611 in Hale, “Tutelo Tribe,” 7.
Well the “third quarter of the 18’th century” if you are refereing to the late 1800’s, well guess what I have a photo of my great-great Grandfather, a Hardin who’s father was born in or lived in Orange county NC. during the 1820’s.
As we all know Orange county was once the home to Sixapahaw Town now in Alamance co.
Lastly basing all research on a couple documents is only a preliminary study.
After we had these conversations a few weeks back I was able to see that based on what forest had learned in his research, I should first concentrate on activity of the Thomas Goldberry that received a land grant in Guilford County, neighboring Alamance County, after the Revolutionary War. The name of his wife is unknown. It is he and his adult children that moved on to Ohio in close association with the Derflingers in the first years of the 1800’s. There are mulatto Goldsberrys in Brunswick County censuses. It had been one of those situations of not being able to think it could be that simple.:)
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