[MarcSnelling]

Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #132
*Kuduzha, to wash

The source for Yesan /Kuluja/ to wash is Mr. Dunmore. I’m not sure where he obtained it (it is remarkably similar to Kansa /Kuluzha/) but it does seem to fit with the others overall pointing to original *Kuduzha.
The first syllable *Ku- survives in #3, 8a; as /Kii-/ in #12, as /Ki-/ (short i) in #6, and weakly as /Wa/ in #11.
The second syllable *-du- survived in #5 and perhaps #15; as /Tu-/ in #4, as /Thu-/ in #9, as /-dii-/ in #6, /Thii-/ in #7, /-ru-/ in #10, 11, 12; /-lu-/ in #3 and 8a; /Yu-/ in #8b, 13, 14.
The last syllable *-zha survived in #6-9 and 13-14; as /-zhe/ in #10; as /-ja/ in #4, /-ya/ in #11, /-cha/ in #5, /-tcha/ in #4.

1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA /Te’/
3 YESAN /Kuluja/
4 OFO /Tutcha/
5 BILOXI /Ducha/
6 QUAPAW /Kidiizha/
7 OMAHA /Thiizha/
8 KAW /Kuluzha/, /Yuzha/
9 OSAGE /Thuzha/
10 HOCHAK /Ruzhe/
11 CHIWERE /Waruya/
12 MANDAN /Kiirus/
13 DAKOTA /Yuzhazha/
14 NAKODA /Yuzhazha/ ^
15 HIDATSA /Dushukii/
16 CROW /Iishuwii/

Rankin includes #4-14 as from PS *Rusha, *Rushare to wash

William Meuse

Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #133
*Baxintso, to wipe.

The words I was able to find for “wipe” all seem related. On balance the first syllable appears as /Pa-/ (4x), /Ba-/ (2x), /Wa-/ or /We-/, all of which suggest *Ba-.
After that we have /-kii/ in Mandan & Hidatsa, /-kin-/ in Nakoda, /-qiin-/ in Dakota, /-chee/ in Ofo, /-ch-/ in Biloxi, /-k-/ in Chiwere; the original syllable was probably nasalized, *-xiin-
Finally we have /-sho’sh/, /-shii/, /-‘o/, /-s/, /-ta/, /-da/, /-du/, all show signs of coming from *-tso
Hence the reconstruction, *Baxiintso. Other forms Kaw /Busuhu/ and Osage /Abiinontha/ could also have developed from this, note the Omaha-Ponca verb /Iibika/ is the same as word #131 “to rub” showing it has coalesced with *Iibexrontsee.

1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA ?
3 YESAN ?
4 OFO /Pachee/
5 BILOXI /Pachdu/
6 QUAPAW ?
7 OMAHA /Iibiika/ = rub
8 KAW /Busuhu/
9 OSAGE /Abiinontha/, /Biika/
10 HOCHAK /Wewus/
11 CHIWERE /Wak’o/
12 MANDAN /Pakiisho’sh/
13 DAKOTA /Paqiinta/
14 NAKODA /Bakinda/
15 HIDATSA /Bakiishii/
16 CROW ?

Rankin only mentions Kaw /Busuhu/ as from PS *Shuhe “scrape clean, wipe clean, clear off”; Omaha and Osage /Biika/ from the previously seen PMV *Kha “wipe, rub, scour”; and Mandan /Pakiisho’sh/ from the previously seen PS *Kinshe “wipe, rub, sweep” (See word #131)

William Meuse

Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #134
*Duchindi, to pull.

The words for ‘to pull’ in each language seem to be cognate. There is also some crossover with tomorrow’s word *Pachindee ‘to push’: the form /Badan/ means “pull” in Omaha, but “push” in Kansa.

First syllable, we have /Du-/ x3; /Ru-/ x2; /Yu-/ x2; and also Lu-, Dii-, Thii-, Da-; all from original *Du-

Middle syllable appears as /-tii-/ in Quapaw & Dakota; and one instance each of /-chen-/, /-s’ha-/, /-xtan-/, /-tchiin-/, /-din/, /-kii/ in the 3 syllable words; these seem to be from original *-chiin-. Hochak /Rutii/ along Chiwere /Rutchiinda/ suggests that the 3rd syllable was dropped in the 2-syllable words, so that means another /-tii/; /-dan/ x2; /-don/, /-dii/ and /-ka/ are also probably from the same *-chiin- syllable.

The final part survived in Chiwere and Nakoda as /-da/; and Quapaw /-ze/, Dakota /-tan/, Hidatsa /-dii/, Ofo /-hii/, and the glottal stop in Catawba. I have gone with reconstructing *-dii for this syllable – with the long i vowel, only because Ofo and Hidatsa are at the more ‘conservative’ ends of the spectrum; but an ending such as *-da or *-dee is also not out of the question.

Final result: *Duchindi (*/Duchiindii/), to pull

1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA /Duchen’/
3 YESAN /Ludii/
4 OFO /Tus’hahii/
5 BILOXI /Duxtan/
6 QUAPAW /Diitiize/
7 OMAHA /Badan/
8 KAW /Yadan/
9 OSAGE /Thiidon/
10 HOCHAK /Rutii/
11 CHIWERE /Rutchiinda/
12 MANDAN ?
13 DAKOTA /Yutiitan/
14 NAKODA /Yudinda/
15 HIDATSA /Dukiidii/, /Nutseruwa/
16 CROW /Daka/

Rankin has Ofo /Tus’hahii/ as from PS *Xahe, ‘to husk, pull off, flay’. He has Quapaw /Diitiize/ as from PMV *Tize ‘to pull, push’. He has #3, 10-11, 13-14 as from PS *Ruti ‘to pull, push’. He has #7-8 and 13-14 again as from PS *Tan ‘to push, pull’.

William Meuse

Proto-Dakotan Swadesh list word #135
*Pachindee, to push.

Cf. word #134 *Duchindi “to pull”.
All words below are probably cognate. Quapaw, Omaha, Hochak and Chiwere preserve some preliminary material in /A-/, /Uqii-/, /He-/ and /A-/ respectively, but I have discarded this from the reconstrution. 
The first syllable *Pa shows up as /Ba-/ 6x, /Pa-/ 4x, /Pha-/, /wa-/, /we-/, /P-/, /U-/ and /O-/ . Although *Ba would be more intermediary, the *Pa is preferred in the more conservative groups.
The next syllable *-chiin- shows up as /-tan/ 2x, /-hiin-/, /-te-/, /-tu-/, /-thee-/, /-dan/, /-don/, /-jen/, /-thun-/, /-shii-/, /-tii-/, /-din-/, /-kii-/ and /-chii-/. The original is a nasalised syllable with long ii vowel starting with ch-, that is, *-chiin-.
The last syllable *-dee appears as /-hnee/, /-kii/ 2x, /-thee/, /-ze/, /-je/, /-k/, /-tan/, /-da/, /-de/, and /-le/.

1 WOCCON ?
2 CATAWBA ?
3 YESAN /Ohiinhnee/
4 OFO /Phatekii/
5 BILOXI /Uxtukii/
6 QUAPAW /Abatan/
7 OMAHA /Uqiipatan/, /Bahatheethee/
8 KAW /Badan/, /Bajiize/
9 OSAGE /Badon/
10 HOCHAK /Hewejen/
11 CHIWERE /Awathunje/
12 MANDAN /Pshiik/
13 DAKOTA /Patiitan/
14 NAKODA /Badinda/
15 HIDATSA /Pakiide/
16 CROW /Pachiile/

Rankin has Kaw /Bajiize/ from PMV *Tize ‘to pull, push’ and Nakoda from PS *Ruti ‘to pull, push’; also Omaha /Uqiipatan/ from PS *Htan ‘to push’, and #8a, 9, 10, 11, and 13 from PS *Tan ‘to push, pull’.

William Meuse

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