[MarcSnelling]

Pluralized Adjectives
In the Tutelo-Saponi language, the pluralization of adjectives of objects (non-living) are expressed by
reduplication.
As an adjective is reduplicated, a verbal suffix is added.
For example:
Plural Conjugations:
white house – ati asáñ
white houses – ati asañsáñsel
ugly house – ati okayēke
ugly houses – ati okayeyēksel
large house – ati itáñi
large houses – ati itañtañsel
There are two unusual plural conjugations:
small house – ati gutska
small houses – ati Kotskutskaisel
long house – ati sui
long houses – ati yumpañkatskaisel
Now you try ….
Tall mountains
Old Trees
Big strawberries
Red hats
Big guns
Brown leaves
Sick children
Lupūs – hats; gide – big; wakasic – children;
atsūti- red
Haspahínuk – strawberry; Yatt – tall; çūqe –
mountain;
Onī -Tree; waginōma -sick; mīnktē – gun; otōi –
leaf; atcotate – brown
For living beings (humans and animals) the verbal termination is used without reduplication.
For example:
Wahtáke bi (Wah-tah-kay bee) Good man
becomes:
Wahtáke biwa or bise (Wah-tah-kay bee)
Good men
Mihe bi (Me-hay bee) Good woman.
becomes:
Mihe bise (Me-hay bee-say) Good women.
Tçhuñge bise
Good dog or It is a good dog
Becomes:
Tçhuñge bihlése Good dogs or They are good
dogs.
Now you try …Bad dogs, Red cats, Tall men or
Sleeping women

Dalusgik – cat; Yatt – tall; hīyañ – sleep;
atsūti – red
Answers to these pluralized adjectives will be in
the next language lesson

SEPARATE PRONOUNS
Now let’s see the correct use of the following verbs with separate pronouns from last month’s lesson.
Separate Pronouns are only used to express emphasis on something. They are kept separate from the verb
or adjective when they are used. In conversation, they are used to put special emphasis on something.
Mím(a) – I, (Mee-mah)
Im(a)-He, She, They (Ee-mah)
or Imahese – (Ee-mah- hay-say)
Mim(a) – We (Mee-mah)
Im(a)-Him, Her, Them
(Ee-mah) or Imahese (Ee-mah- hay-say)
Yím(a) – You (Yee-mah)
(a) is used to put emphasis
Affixed Nominative Pronouns
I – Ma, Wa, Mi, Me, We
You – Ya, Ye, Yi, Yin
We – Mae, Ma, Mai, Man, Manj
They/Them -hla, hlese, hna*, hne*
*Verbs ending in a are conjugated with hna
*Verbs ending in e are conjugated with hne
Begûn (Bay-goon) – to blow
He/She blow (it).
Ima Begûn (Ee-mah Bay-goon)
He/She must blow.
Bewagûn (Bay-wah-goon
I blow (it).
Mím(a) Bewagûn (Mee-mah Bay-wah-goon)
I must blow (it).
Beyagûn (Bay-yah-goon)
You blow (it).
Yíma Beyagûn (Yee-mah Bay-yah-goon)
You must blow (it).
begûnhne (Bay-goon-hen-ay)
They blow (it).
Imahese begûnhne. (Ee-mah-hay-say Baygoon-hen-ay)
They must blow it.
Maebegûn (May-Bay-goon)
We blow (it).
Míma Maebegûn (Mee-mah May-Bay-goon)
We must blow it
Opé – (Oh-pay)
He/She are going
Ima opé (Ee-mah oh-pay)
He/She must be going
Owapé (Oh-wah-pay)
I am going.
Mím(a) owapé (Mee-mah Oh-wah-pay)
I must be going
Oyapé (Oh-yah-pay)
You are going.
Yíma oyapé (Yee-mah oh-yah-pay)
You must be going.
Opéhne (Oh-pay-ha-nay)
They are going.
Imahese opéhne (Ee-mah-hay-say Oh-pay-hanay)

They must be going
Maopé – (Mah-oh-pay)
We are going
Míma maopé – (Mee-mah Mah-oh-pay)
We must be going.
Alé (Ah-lay) to go
He/She go.
Ima alé (Ee-mah Ah-lay)
He/She must go.
Walé (Wah-lay)
I go.
Mím(a) walé
(Mee-mah Wah-lay)
I must go.

Yalé (Yah-lay)
You go.
Yíma yalé (Yee-mah Yah-lay)
You must go.
Aléhne (Ah-lay-ha-nay)
They go.
Imahese aléhne.
(Ee-mah-hay-say ah-lay-ha-nay)
They must go.
Malé (mah-lay)
We go.
Míma malé.
(Mee-mah mah-lay)
We must go.
Lóca (Low-kah) to take
He/She take.
Ima Loca (Ee-mah Low-kah)
He/She must take.
Walóca (Wah-low-kah)
I take.
Mím(a) walóca
(Mee-mah Wah-low-kah)
I must take (it).
Yalóca (Yah-low-kah)ä
You take.
Yíma yalóca (Yee-mah Yah-low-kah)
You must take (it).
Lócahla (Low-kah-ha-law)
They take.
Imahese lócahla (Low-kah-law)
They must take (it).
Mailóca (My-low-kah)
We take.
Míma mailóca. (Mee-mah my-low-kah)
We must go

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